揭穿甜味剂的秘密

报道：来自以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的Eran Segal 与 Eran Elinav实验室发现了人工甜味剂能够通过改变肠道微生物的组成和代谢引发人体对于葡萄糖的耐受不良，这篇文章刊登在最新一期2014年9月17日《Nature》杂志上。

中文翻译

【题目】人工甜味剂通过改变肠道微生物菌群而引发葡萄糖耐受不良

【译文】无热量人工甜味剂（NAS）是世界上最广泛应用的食品添加剂之一，消瘦人群和肥胖人群都经常食用。食用无热量人工甜味剂被认为是安全且有益的，因为它们所含热量很低，但是可供支持的科学依据依然匮乏且具有争议性。本文中，我们发现食用常见的NAS能够通过诱导肠道微生物菌群组成及功能的改变以引发人体对葡萄糖的耐受不良。抗生素可以有效根除NAS带来的代谢不良。同时无论是从服用NAS小鼠粪便中分离出的菌群，或是在厌氧环境下用添加NAS的培养基培养所得的菌群，都能通过粪便移植的方法使无菌小鼠感染这种代谢异常。我们鉴定了NAS诱导改变的微生物代谢通路，这些通路与宿主代谢疾病的易感性相关，同时发现了健康人体中NAS诱导的微生物失衡与宿主葡萄糖耐受不良的共性。综上所述，我们的实验结果阐释了NAS的食用、人体微生物失衡以及代谢异常之间的相关性，以此呼吁人们重新审视过量食用无热量人工甜味剂的行为。

英文原稿

[Title] Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota

[Authors] Jotham Suez, Tal Korem, David Zeevi, Gili Zilberman-Schapira, Christoph A. Thaiss, Ori Maza, David Israeli, Niv Zmora, Shlomit 

Gilad, Adina Weinberger, Yael Kuperman, Alon Harmelin, Ilana Kolodkin-Gal, Hagit Shapiro, Zamir Halpern, Eran Segal & Eran Elinav 

[Abstract] 

Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are among the most widely used food additives worldwide, regularly consumed by lean and obese 

individuals alike. NAS consumption is considered safe and beneficial owing to their low caloric content, yet supporting scientific data remain 

sparse and controversial. Here we demonstrate that consumption of commonly used NAS formulations drives the development of glucose 

intolerance through induction of compositional and functional alterations to the intestinal microbiota. These NAS-mediated deleterious metabolic 

effects are abrogated by antibiotic treatment, and are fully transferrable to germ-free mice upon faecal transplantation of microbiota configurations 

from NAS-consuming mice, or of microbiota anaerobically incubated in the presence of NAS. We identify NAS-altered microbial metabolic 

pathways that are linked to host susceptibility to metabolic disease, and demonstrate similar NAS-induced dysbiosis and glucose intolerance in 

healthy human subjects. Collectively, our results link NAS consumption, dysbiosis and metabolic abnormalities, thereby calling for a reassessment 

of massive NAS usage.

原文地址：http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13793.html